Road Freight Transport in Europe During Extreme Heat: Risks and Mitigation Strategies
July 2024 was a record-breaking month in terms of temperature across Europe. The average temperature was significantly higher than in previous years, driven by both natural phenomena like El Niño and the ongoing increase in greenhouse gas emissions. The recurring heatwaves present a series of challenges for road freight transport, impacting both efficiency and safety.
Engine Overheating
Older truck models, which still make up a significant portion of the European fleet, are particularly susceptible to engine overheating in extreme heat. This can lead to critical failures such as head gasket cracks or radiator breakdowns, resulting in delivery delays. Regular engine maintenance and the use of high-quality coolant are essential to minimize the risk of such breakdowns. During heatwaves, it is especially important for drivers to monitor engine temperature closely and not ignore any warning signs of potential overheating.
Degradation of Road Infrastructure
Prolonged high temperatures can damage road surfaces, with asphalt melting under the heat and heavy traffic, particularly from trucks with a maximum allowable mass of up to 40 tons. This issue is especially pronounced in regions of Europe that have only recently started experiencing such intense heatwaves due to climate change. In Southern Europe, where heatwaves are more common, road materials are often more resistant to high temperatures. However, across the continent, road deformities caused by heat can pose significant safety risks and lead to vehicle suspension damage. Truck drivers should therefore be vigilant about road conditions and adjust their speed accordingly.
Working Conditions for Drivers
Modern trucks, including models that are over a decade old, are typically equipped with air conditioning, allowing drivers to work in a comfortable environment even during heatwaves. However, air conditioning is only a partial solution. Long hours of driving in intense sunlight can lead to fatigue and decreased concentration, increasing the risk of accidents. To mitigate these risks, drivers should wear sunglasses, ensure constant hydration, and strictly adhere to mandatory rest breaks, which become even more crucial during extreme heat.
Monitoring Refrigerated Cargo
Cargo that requires controlled temperatures, such as certain types of food or pharmaceuticals, is also vulnerable to extreme heat, even when transported in refrigerated trailers. If the refrigeration unit fails, which can happen due to excessive external temperatures, the cargo could spoil. It is therefore crucial to maintain refrigeration units properly to ensure they operate at peak efficiency. Additionally, drivers should continuously monitor the temperature inside the trailer using onboard sensors, allowing them to react promptly if any issues arise.